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Rural Revitalization—Circular Agriculture Series Activities

The Life of Rice

The Story of a Drop of Milk

The ebb and flow of the Yangtze River

Agricultural and forestry waste recycling

The entire process of rice from planting to harvesting can be divided into the following stages:

Soaking and sowing seeds:
Seed soaking: Rice seeds need to be soaked before sowing to promote germination.
Sowing: After soaking the seeds, wait for the seeds to germinate and then sow.The timing of sowing will vary depending on the region and climatic conditions.

Rice field management:
After sowing, the rice fields need to be carefully managed, including maintaining appropriate moisture, temperature and nutrient conditions, to ensure healthy growth of the rice seedlings.

Transplanting (or throwing):
After the seedlings grow to a certain stage, they will be transplanted into the field. This process is called transplanting.In some places, the method of throwing rice seedlings is also used.

Rice field management:
After the rice is transplanted, a series of management measures are required on the rice field, including fertilization, irrigation, weeding, and pest control to ensure the normal growth of the rice.

Harvest:
Select the appropriate time for harvesting based on the maturity of the rice and weather conditions.Harvest times vary by region and variety.
For example, in my country, early rice is usually planted in late March or early April and harvested in mid-to-late July; mid-season rice is planted in early April to the end of May and harvested in mid-to-late September; late rice is planted in mid-to-late July and harvested in mid-to-late October.

Grain drying and storage:
After harvesting, rice needs to be dried to reduce moisture content and facilitate storage.
After drying, the rice will be stored for subsequent processing and sales

Human beings should give the best things they have to children

The process of turning grass into milk is a complex biological transformation process that mainly occurs in ruminants (such as cows).Here are the detailed steps for this process:

Ingestion and rumination:
Ruminants, such as cows, first get their nutrients by eating grass.After forage enters the cow's body, it is not completely digested immediately.
The forage first enters the rumen, and after a period of soaking and softening, it returns to the mouth through regurgitation for chewing. This process is called rumination.Rumination helps to chew the forage thoroughly, increasing its contact area with digestive juices and preparing for subsequent digestion and absorption.

Digestion and breakdown:
The chewed forage is swallowed again and enters the rumen, where it interacts with microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi.
These microorganisms produce various enzymes (such as cellulases, hemicellulases, etc.) that break down the cellulose in the forage into simpler sugars (such as glucose).
Subsequently, these sugars are further fermented by microorganisms to produce volatile fatty acids (mainly acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) as well as gases such as methane and carbon dioxide.Among them, volatile fatty acids are the main energy source for dairy cows.

Nutrient absorption and utilization:
The rumen wall can absorb some of the breakdown products, such as lower fatty acids.These nutrients then enter the cow's blood system.
During lactation, cows can use the acetic acid and butyric acid they absorb to synthesize milk fat.

Milk synthesis and secretion:
Nutrients transported to the mammary gland via the blood are reassembled and utilized in the mammary gland.In breast cells, these nutrients are converted into the main components of milk such as milk fat, milk protein and lactose through complex biochemical reactions.
During the synthesis of milk fat, cows can pair fat compounds to form more stable long-chain fatty acids, which is also a key step in producing milk with different flavors from different cow breeds.
Finally, milk is secreted through the mammary glands for human collection and use.

In general, the process of turning grass into milk is a complex biological transformation and nutrient redistribution process that involves the synergy of multiple organs and systems to achieve.

Zoumatang water conservancy project

Location and size
Zoumatang is located in the Xiyu District of Wucheng in the Taihu Lake Basin. It is an important river channel during the Wangyu River's 'Diversion of the River to Taizhou'.It starts from the Sunan Canal in the south, passes through the four cities (districts) of Xinwu, Xishan, Changshu, and Zhangjiagang, and finally enters the river from the Qigan River.The total length reaches 66.51 kilometers, of which the total length in Suzhou is 27.72 kilometers.

River structure and characteristics
River width and depth: The bottom width of the river in the Suzhou section of Zoumatang is between 25 and 40 meters, and the elevation of the river bottom is between 0 and -1.0 meters.Specifically, the river bottom in the section from the Suxi junction to Zhangjiagang is 25 meters wide and the bottom elevation is 0 meters; while the river bottom in the section from Zhangjiagang to the Yangtze River is 40 meters wide and the bottom elevation is -1.0 meters.
Branch rivers and buildings: There are 111 large and small branch rivers on both sides of the Suzhou territory of Zoumatang.Among them, 5 branch rivers have been regulated, but there are still 10 branch rivers that have not been regulated for many years, and the depth of siltation is mostly between 0.5 and 1.0 meters.In addition, control structures such as control gates, pumping stations, overpass culverts or culverts are built at the estuary gates of 52 branches.

Functions and effects
As an important river in the Taihu Lake Basin, Zoumatang's main function is to control flooded areas and drain it northward into the Yangtze River during the 'diversion of the Yangtze River to the Taihu Lake' period.At the same time, it also undertakes the important task of flood control and waterlogging control, improving the flood control and waterlogging control capabilities of Wucheng Xiyugao Film.

Important projects and facilities
Riverside hub: It has a control lock with a total net width of 36 meters and a channel lock with a navigation standard of Class V.
Zhangjiagang Water Conservancy Project: includes a 64.8-square-meter interchange ground culvert, a 50-cubic-meter-per-second drainage pumping station, a control gate with a total net width of 24 meters, and a water withdrawal gate with a net width of 14 meters.

History and renovation
Zoumatang originally had serious siltation problems in some river sections, which affected its drainage function.In order to solve these problems and properly handle the drainage outlet in the west bank of Wangyu River, the Zoumatang improvement project was put on the agenda.This project is an important part of the Taihu Basin flood control plan. It aims to improve the drainage capacity of Wangyu River and realize the separation of drainage and cleaning.After the completion of the renovation project, the flood control and waterlogging control capabilities of Zoumatang have been significantly improved, and it has also created favorable conditions for improving the regional water environment.

To sum up, the Zoumatang Water Conservancy Project plays a pivotal role in the water conservancy system of the Taihu Lake Basin. It is not only related to flood control and waterlogging, but also has positive significance in improving the regional water environment.

Straw recycling refers to the process of collecting and utilizing plant debris such as stems and leaves that remain after harvesting crops.Here are some main points about straw recycling:

Recycling method:
Returning straw to the field: Straw can be crushed and returned to the field as an organic fertilizer to improve soil structure and retain moisture, thereby increasing crop yield and quality.
Straw briquettes: Straw is pressed into fuel briquettes and used as biomass fuel, which has the characteristics of high calorific value and low pollution.
Straw power generation: Using straw to generate electricity realizes the utilization of renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Straw charcoal production: processing straw into straw charcoal and using it as clean energy.
Straw biomass pellets: Straw can be made into biomass pellets and used as raw materials for biomass energy.
Straw fiberboard production: Extract cellulose from straw to make fiberboard, reducing dependence on forest resources.

Technology and Management:
Straw recycling requires attention to technical and management issues to ensure its safety, efficiency and sustainability.
The current mainstream straw recovery technologies include biomass pyrolysis to produce gas, biomass liquefaction to produce oil, biomass catalytic cracking to produce oil, biomass direct combustion and biomass briquetting.

Policy and Implementation:
The government is implementing relevant policies such as banning straw burning and returning straw to fields, formulating laws and regulations to clarify specific requirements, and strengthening law enforcement.
Improve farmers' awareness and technical level of straw returning to fields through publicity and education, and formulate a work plan for straw returning to fields to ensure full coverage.
Establish a reward mechanism and an accountability mechanism for dereliction of duty to promote the effective implementation of straw recovery and return to fields.

Economic and environmental benefits:
Straw recycling can reduce the burning and landfilling of farm waste, providing additional economic benefits and resource supply.
Through the comprehensive utilization of straw, we can reduce our dependence on fossil energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is beneficial to environmental protection and climate change control.

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